Oxford Climate Policy Monitor 2025 Annual Review

Abstract:

Alongside ever-growing heat waves, fires, storms, and other impacts of global warming, 2025 has seen unprecedented political attacks on climate policy. Many observers are therefore asking how climate policy is changing today: is it getting stronger, or unraveling, and are we getting closer to implementing the goals the world set in the Paris Agreement to stabilise the climate? Tracking climate rules across 37 jurisdictions—which cover over 85% of global emissions and 87% of global GDP—the 2025 Oxford Climate Policy Monitor provides a rigorous assessment of policies across six domains: carbon crediting rules, climate-related disclosure, green prudential rules, methane, public procurement, and transition planning. Powered by a global network of more than 60 leading law firms that gather hundreds of data points on each policy, the Monitor assesses: (1) Ambition: How closely the rules align to the goal of the Paris Agreement; (2) Stringency: How mandatory and enforced the rules are ; (3) Implementation: How operationalised the rules are; (4) Comprehensiveness: How many parts of the economy the rules cover.